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Product Surface Fired Color Firing Range Uses Types of Clay Notes
Earthenware
Pottery or
Ceramic Clay
Stoneware
Not Vitreous
Not Totally
Vitreous
Usually white-to-off-
white
Buff or Gray in Color
Shelf cone 06 –10
Opaque after firing
Ornamental and
Dinnerware
pieces
Shelf cone 06-02
Opaque after firing
Ornamental and
Dinnerware
pieces
Pug Clay, Wet and
Dry Slip
Pug Clay, Wet and
Dry Slip
• Least expensive of all clays.
• Most common and easiest to use.
• Bisque must be glazed to make watertight;
earthenware is a low-fired porous body.
• Dinnerware has a greater tendency to chip and
craze than vitreous ware.
• Can be used with both fired and non-fired finishes.
• Can be used in a slip form for casting molds,
for hand-built items and for wheel throwing.
• Shrinks very little during firing.
• Fired in 5 to 7 hours
• Most hobbyist can not fire stoneware to a totally
vitreous state so food and drink containers must be
glazed.
• Stoneware is much stronger and more chip resistant
than earthenware.
• Shrinks in the firing by at least 15-20%.
• Can use a leaded glaze on surface as high degree of
heat attained combines the lead in a form that is not
released or leached out by food or drink.
• Can be used in a slip form for casting molds, for hand-
built items and for wheel throwing.
• Can also add grog to strengthen clay for larger pieces.
• Needs to be fired slowly, in no less than 10 hours.
Porcelain
Vitreous
Normally white; can
come in some colors
Shelf cone 2-10.
Some industrial
porcelains may reach
cone 30. Translucent
after firing
Dinnerware
and Fine Detail
Items
Pug Clay, Wet and
Dry Slip
• Does not need to be glazed, pieces that are to be
used for food or drink are glazed for sanitary reasons.
• When clear glazed, porcelain becomes china.
• Will shrink in the firing up to 20%.
• Needs to be fired slowly in no less than 10 hours.
CLAY
Quick Reference Guide
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